It is a bare-bones agreement, with the potential to evolve over time. antitrust enforcement and cooperation effective January 1, 2021: Anticompetitive practices and mergers. The UK government led by Boris Johnson pursued a desire to trade freely with the EU while being subject to as few EU rules as possible, and especially not to the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice. In particular, each party may take countermeasures (subject to arbitration) against damaging measures by the other party. Reach Landmark Deal on Brexit", "UK sets October deadline for post-Brexit trade deal as Michel Barnier warns agreement 'unlikely, "Negotiators hunker down in Brussels in search of Brexit breakthrough. "[16] The former Prime Minister of the Republic of Ireland, John Bruton, believes that the agreement has given the UK more sovereignty over the island of Britain, but this gain comes at the cost of losing a considerable weight of the UK's sovereignty over Northern Ireland. The purpose of the Bill is to implement the provisions of the TCA, NCA and SCIA in domestic law. With respect to energy, there is to be regulatory and technical cooperation,[30] as well as a reconfirmation of the Paris Agreement climate goals. 312 KB. [42] The Scottish National Party opposed the TCA because of the economic damage it said leaving the single market would inflict on Scotland. The EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“TCA”) was signed on 30 December 2020 and, from 1 January 2021, the UK and the EU have entered a new phase in their international legal relationship. "[39] The President of the European Council, Charles Michel, said that the TCA "fully protects the fundamental interests of the European Union and creates stability and predictability for citizens and companies. A significant point to note is that the parties’ commitments regarding tax are based on global OECD/BEPS standards, rather than EU standards. Negotiators reached an agreement on an EU-UK trade and cooperation agreement and a security of information agreement on 24 December 2020. This long read provides a summary of some of the key areas covered in the new EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the Agreement). [36][24][25] There is cooperation on aviation safety, but the UK no longer participates in EASA. The United Kingdom and the European Union have agreed to unprecedented 100% tariff liberalisation. [10] Until 31 December 2020, a transition period applied, in which the UK was still considered for most matters to be part of the EU. A Partnership Council will supervise the operation of the Agreement at a political level, providing strategic direction. [22][23][24] The Council decision on the signing also included approval of provisional application, provided the UK also decides to provisionally apply the document. [28], The 1,246-page agreement (including annexes) covers its general objectives and framework with detailed provisions for fisheries, social security, trade, transport, visas; and cooperation in judicial, law enforcement, and security matters. For further details please contact the competent national aviation authorities of the respective EFTA States. For Northern Ireland other arrangements may be in place through the Ireland/Northern Ireland Protocol. EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, Tax. [29] There are provisions intended to limit technical barriers to trade (TBT), building on the WTO TBT Agreement. [30], Building on WTO rules,[30] each party is to treat service providers of the other party no less favourably than its own. The agreement that governs the relationship between the EU and the UK after Brexit was concluded after eight months of negotiations. It is applied provisionally since 1 January 2021, when the Brexit transition period ended. The Agreement applies provisionally from 1 January 2021, pending the finalisation of the ratification process (Article FINPROV.11). The European Parliament flexes its muscles on the EU–UK trade deal. No rights may be derived from them until the date of … [30], Certain existing intellectual property provisions exceeding TRIPS commitments (including a 70-year copyright term) are to be preserved in the EU and the UK. [4] It provides for free trade in goods and limited mutual market access in services, as well as for cooperation mechanisms in a range of policy areas, transitional provisions about EU access to UK fisheries, and UK participation in some EU programmes. The United Kingdom and the European Union have agreed to unprecedented 100% tariff liberalisation. This page analyses what the trade deal has to say about medicinal products. Talks to continue in Belgian capital until at least Monday", "Press release: Signature of the EU-UK agreement, 30 December 2020", Article 218, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, "From Brussels to the Palace: how Brexit deal will be passed in a day", "Boris Johnson's post-Brexit trade deal passes into UK law", "EU postpones setting date for ratifying Brexit trade deal", "EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Commission proposes to extend provisional application", "Provisional Application of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement letter", "COUNCIL DECISION on the signing, on behalf of the Union, and on provisional application of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part, and of the Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning security procedures for exchanging and protecting classified information", "Brexit deal: Guernsey backs UK agreement", "Questions & Answers: EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement", "EU-UK RELATIONS: A new relationship, with big changes", "UK-EU TRADE AND COOPERATION AGREEMENT: Summary", "Agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland and the European Atomic Energy Community for cooperation on the safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy", "Guidance. EU-UK RELATIONS: Architecture of the new Partnership Agreement Trade, economic, social & environmental partnership Internal security partnership for citizens’ safety New EU-UK governance framework for a lasting partnership Free, fair & sustainable trade Trade in goods Customs & regulatory cooperation Trade in services & investment Nonetheless, many in his party opposed the agreement. The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, including its aviation safety part, does not apply to the EFTA States (Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Liechtenstein). On 24 December 2020, the UK and the EU reached agreement on a Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the TCA) setting out their future relationship. [17], In the UK, on 30 December 2020 the government introduced to Parliament the European Union (Future Relationship) Bill that implements the TCA. EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, Tax. Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union? For the EU, this means a decision by the Council of the European Union after receiving the consent of the European Parliament. [29] But the UK is no longer part of the EU energy market and emissions trading scheme. The Brexit EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement includes a Protocol on cooperation and combating VAT, customs and excise fraud, plus mutual assistance between the EU and UK on recovering tax claims. The Agreement applies provisionally from 1 January 2021, pending the finalisation of the ratification process (Article FINPROV.11). [30][29] During a transitional period of 5.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap} 1⁄2 years, EU fishing quotas in UK waters will gradually be reduced to 75% of their pre-Brexit extent. Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Overview. [40], Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that the TCA would allow the UK "to take back control of our laws, borders, money, trade and fisheries" and would change the basis of the EU-UK relationship "from EU law to free trade and friendly cooperation. Those States may however conclude corresponding agreements on aviation safety with the UK. On December 30, 2020, the EU and the UK signed the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“EU-UK Agreement”), which sets out the terms of their future cooperation. Visitors planning stays of more than 90 days in any 180-day period need a visa;[29] those planning any work other than routine business meetings and conferences need an appropriate visa. The EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) is a trade agreement signed on 30 December 2020, between the European Union (EU), the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the United Kingdom (UK). See Commission brochure "EU/UK Trade & Cooperation Agreement; a new relationship with big changes", issued on 24 December 2020. Pending the conclusion of such agreements, the EFTA States may also, based on their agreements with the EU, unilaterally accept UK certificates where those certificates are accepted under the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement. The TCA consists of three main pillars: 1. Written by Issam Hallak, Carmen-Cristina Cìrlig , Alessandro D’Alfonso , Hendrik Mildebrath, Jana Titievskaia, Frederik Scholaert, Jaan Soone, Carla Stamegna and Alex Wilson, On 30 December 2020, the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) signed a Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), concluding nearly ten months … The European Union (EU)-U.K. Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) governing post-Brexit trade relations between the U.K. and the EU includes provisions regulating EU/U.K. "[41] The Leader of the Opposition, Sir Keir Starmer, said that his Labour Party would support the TCA because the alternative would be a "no deal" Brexit, but that his party would seek additional labour and environmental protections in Parliament. [29] The UK has concluded a separate agreement with Euratom on peaceful cooperation on nuclear technology,[32] which has not entered into force. While the UK was a member of the EU, and during the transition period, the UK traded with the EU as part of the European Single Market and the Customs Union. But they no longer have access to each other's aviation markets otherwise, including with respect to domestic flights or flights connecting to other countries. [29], Likewise, in road transport, mutual market access for passenger transport is limited to point-to-point crossborder transports, whereas for the transport of goods up to two extra movements (cabotage) in the other party's territory are permitted. The text of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement is dated on 24 th December 2020 and became generally available on 26 th December. [20], The agreement can be provisionally applied from 1 January until entry into force, but (unless the final date is extended again) not beyond 30 April. This creates a framework between the UK and EU27 member states to assist each other in compliance with VAT legislation and protecting VAT revenues and recovering tax and duties … On 24 December 2020, the EU and UK negotiators agreed on a Trade and Cooperation Agreement. But UK cooperation continues with Europol and Eurojust, and there are mechanisms for the exchange of certain security-relevant data, such as passenger name records, Prüm Convention data (DNA, fingerprints, vehicle registrations) and criminal records.[29]. Update on EU transition and the UK/EU trade and cooperation agreement, file type: PDF, file size: 312 KB . The agreement will now be signed by the two parties on 30 December 2020. [34], There is no free movement of persons between the EU and the UK. [12][29] The shares of fish the parties are allowed to catch in each other's waters will then be negotiated annually. After four years of intensive discussion, on 24 December 2020, the EU and the UK reached an agreement in principle on the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the Agreement), to be implemented from 1 January 2021, the expiry of the Brexit transition period.. Trade marks and geographical indications after 1 January 2021", "UK performers raise alarm as Brexit deal threatens EU touring", "Brexit trade deal: What does it mean for fishing? The TCA provides for tariff-free and quota-free terms on all goods, providing that they comply with rules of origin requirements, reflecting most ambitious set of commitments ever to feature in an EU trade agreement in this regard. It is by no means comprehensive as the full Agreement runs to 1,246 pages. TRADE AND COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY, OF THE ONE PART, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, OF THE OTHER PART . If you use assistive technology please tell us … The Agreement provides a framework for UK-EU cooperation in the field of cyber security, an area where cooperation is mutually beneficial given … The Trade and Cooperation Agreement and other agreements below are provided for information only. The agreement excludes any role of UK or EU courts, including the European Court of Justice, in dispute settlement between the EU and the UK. : +32 (0)2 226 00 50 – www.industriAll-europe.eu While all products entering the EU will have to meet EU product standards (and vice versa). [30], The President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, called the TCA "a fair and balanced agreement" that would allow Europe "to leave Brexit behind us and look to the future. With the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement of 24 December 2020 ("Agreement"), the UK and the EU have fundamentally changed market access for financial services firms. Any decisions made will be by mutual consent. The EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“TCA”) was signed on 30 December 2020 and, from 1 January 2021, the UK and the EU have entered a new phase in their international legal relationship. The TCA sets out the future relationship beyond that date and the EU will treat the UK as a third country. The EU-UK Agreement consists of three main pillars: [1][25] Provisional application took place from 1 January 2021,[2], The agreement enters into force on the first day of the month after ratification by both parties (Article FINPROV.11 in the draft). [49] The British fishing industry was disappointed that the agreement did not more significantly reduce EU access to British waters. [50][51][52], A YouGov survey of 29–30 December 2020 reported that 57% of respondents wanted the UK Parliament to accept the TCA and 9% to oppose it, with Conservative (78%) and Leave supporters (69%) more in favour than others. [19], On 4 March 2021, the European Parliament postponed its ratification decision, which had been planned for 25 March. For the UK, this means approval by Parliament. Policy Brief 2021-01 EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement industriAll European Trade Union – Boulevard du Roi Albert II, 5 – B-1210 Brussels – May 2015 Contact: info@industriAll-europe.eu – Tel. [7][8], Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. [53], Trade and cooperation agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part, Signature, ratification and entry into force, Provisional application and entry into force, Energy, public policy and other aspects of trade, Cooperation and UK participation in EU programmes, Institutional provisions and dispute settlement, United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation, Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union, R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, Continuing United Kingdom relationship with the European Union, European Union (Future Relationship) Bill, Trade deal negotiation between the UK and EU, EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), Proposed second Scottish independence referendum, Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU, European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020, 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union, Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom, European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020, "EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Council adopts decision on the signing", "Notice concerning the provisional application of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the other part, of the Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning security procedures for exchanging and protecting classified information and of the Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the European Atomic Energy Community for Cooperation on the Safe and Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy", "The EU-UK Partnership Council decided, at the EU's request, to extend the provisional application of the agreement until 30 April 2021", "The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland Contents. Trade in goods between the EU and UK shall not be subject to any tariffs or quotas. [13] Formal trade negotiations, in which Michel Barnier represented the EU and David Frost represented the UK, began on 31 March 2020. I’m going to refer to the Agreement as “ the TCA ” until we discover what we’re supposed to call it. On 29 December 2020 the Council adopted the decision on the signing of the EU-UK trade and cooperation agreement and a security of information agreement and their provisional application as of 1 January 2021. [37], In the field of security, the UK no longer participates in the EU security agencies and no longer has access to the Schengen Information System SIS II database. The UK became a member of the European Communities in 1973, which later became the EU and Euratom. ", "UK students lose Erasmus membership in Brexit deal", "EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: protecting European interests, ensuring fair competition, and continued cooperation in areas of mutual interest", "UK's Sovereignty over Northern Ireland Partially Sacrificed under EU-UK Deal", "Labour will not seek major changes to UK's relationship with EU – Keir Starmer", "SNP confirms it will vote against 'extreme Tory Brexit' deal", "Brexit: MPs overwhelmingly back post-Brexit deal with EU", "Tory Brexiteers to back deal after ERG's 'Star Chamber' says it passes the 'acid test, "UK's Brexit hardliners agree to vote for EU trade deal", "Nigel Farage declares 'war is over' as Brexit deal is done", "Boris has betrayed our fishermen but he still deserves credit for bringing the Brexit wars to an end", "Brexit deal: Boris Johnson signs EU-UK trade deal after MPs vote to pass agreement - as it happened", "UK fishing industry disappointed by Brexit deal "fudge, "PM sold out fish in Brexit trade deal, fishermen say", "Few think the EU trade deal is good for Britain, but most want MPs to accept it", provisional English text, including annexes and protocols, Agreement on Security Procedures for Exchanging and Protecting Classified Information. This is consistent with the general approach taken in the TCA. On the UK side, the Government published the European Union (Future Relationship) Bill on 29 December. [16] The agreement was then flown to London and signed for the UK by the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson. As of 1 January 2021, UK financial services firms intending to do business in the EU are no longer allowed to make use of the European Single Market and offer their services cross-border based on the European … Please tell us the format you need. After the first negotiations between the UK and the EU led to the Brexit withdrawal agreement that implemented the UK's withdrawal,[11] negotiations commenced for an agreement to govern trade and other relations between the EU and the UK after the end of the transition period. Implementing the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. The House of Lords is due to debate the TCA on 8 January 2021. If you need a more accessible version of this document please email digital@gov.wales. While both parties remain free to shape their public policy in the fields of subsidies, labour and social policy, or climate and environment policy, the agreement provides for "level playing field" principles and mechanisms that aim to prevent a distortion of trade as a result of measures in these fields. The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement offers some major free-trade benefits, but also represents an end to most aspects of the free market access that the UK previously enjoyed as an EU member state. The widely anticipated . trade and cooperation agreement between the european union and the european atomic energy community, of the one part, and the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, of the other part. Note, however, that the TCA itself makes no … [28] With regards to Northern Ireland, the provisions on trade in goods do not apply, as those (as well as provisions on application of EU law in that area and involvement of the European Court of Justice)[5] are governed by a protocol to the Brexit withdrawal agreement. [29] There are rules to facilitate the cross-border provision of services in certain fields, such as digital services (including as regards data protection rules), public procurement (extending the coverage of the WTO GPA somewhat[30]), business trips and secondments of highly qualified employees. [12] Another major point of contention was fisheries. EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Implications for Life Sciences Companies . Note, however, that the TCA itself makes no … Stay informed on COVID-19 updates from EASA, Flight Simulation Training Devices (FSTD), Airspace Usage Requirement (ACAS II v7.1), Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Alternative Means of Compliance (AltMoC), Alternative Method of Compliance (AMOC) to an Airworthiness Directive (AD), Certification Support for Validation (CSV), Certification of products and organisations, Information Sharing Platform on Conflict Zones, Conflict Zone Information Bulletin (CZIB’s), Non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft (NCC), ATM/ANS & ATCO Training Organisation Approvals, Alternative Procedures to Design Organisation Approval (ADOA), Aircraft type ratings for Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence, EASA Part-145 Organisations located in Brazil, EASA Part-145 Organisations located in Canada, EASA Part-145 Organisations located in the USA, International Maintenance Review Board Policy Board (IMRBPB), Manufacturer Scheduled Maintenance Requirements, Part-21 Light - Making Design & Manufacturing Easier, The new CS-23 – smart and flexible rules that support innovation, Simpler and lighter rules for Balloons and Sailplanes, Simpler and lighter rules for GA pilot training, Simpler and lighter rules for GA maintenance, Loss of Control (LOC-I) in Approach and Landing, Aircraft Noise Certificate or Equivalent Noise Documentation (ANC) Data, Regional Safety Oversight Organisations (RSOOs), Accident and incident investigation support, Aviation Safety Reporting for Organisations, Aviation Safety Reporting for Individuals, European Authorities Coordination Group on Flight Data Monitoring (EAFDM), European Operators Flight Data Monitoring (EOFDM), European Safety Promotion Network Rotorcraft (ESPN-R), Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM), Information on Alternative Means of Compliance (AltMoC), Terms of Reference (ToR) and Group Composition (GC), Terms of Reference and Group Compositions information, Notices of Proposed Amendment information, Type Certificate Data Sheets for Noise (TCDSN), Specific Airworthiness Specifications (SAS), Information on the transition of MMEL/OEB Reports to OSD, Supplemental Type Certificate MMEL Supplements, Operational Evaluation Guidance Material (OE GM) / Operational Evaluation Reports (OEB) / Operational Suitability Data (OSD), TypeRatings and Licence endorsement lists, Technical publications - Easy Access Rules, ATM/ANS provision of services - Air Traffic Management/Air Navigation Services, ATM/ANS interoperability - Air Traffic Management/Air Navigation Services, AUR - Airspace Usage Requirements (ACAS II), SERA - Standardised European Rules of the Air, The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: protecting European interests, ensuring fair competition, and continued cooperation in areas of mutual interest, Decision of the Norwegian authorities on the acceptance of certain aviation safety certificates of the United Kingdom, Working Arrangement between the Federal Office of Civil Aviation of Switzerland and the Civil Aviation Authority of the United Kingdom for the Promotion of Aviation Safety, AD - Airworthiness Directives - Safety publications tool, FSTDIS - Flight Simulation Training Devices Information System. EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement On Thursday 24 December 2020, the EU and UK agreed a future trade and cooperation agreement . Trade / COMMENTARY. [43] All other opposition parties opposed the TCA. [21] The original final date for end of the provisional application was 28 February 2021. January 13, 2021 . The new agreement, formally known as the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, sets out the terms under which the UK and the EU will trade going forward. The application of the agreement is currently limited to airworthiness and environment certification, covered by Annex AVSAF-1 to the Agreement. The EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) is a free trade agreement signed on 30 December 2020, between the European Union (EU), the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the United Kingdom (UK). It continues to participate in five technical EU programmes: One of the programmes that the UK does not participate in, is the Erasmus student exchange programme. The EU accused the UK of proposing for a second time to break international law, after UK ministers announced the unilateral extension of the grace period on certain checks on trade from Great Britain to Northern Ireland. Compared to the UK's previous status as an EU member state, on 1 January 2021 the following ended as they are not incorporated in the TCA or the Brexit withdrawal agreement: free movement of persons between the parties, UK membership in the European Single Market and Customs Union, UK participation in most EU programmes, part of EU-UK law enforcement and security cooperation such as the access to real time crime data, defense and foreign policy cooperation, and the authority of the European Court of Justice in dispute settlement (except with respect to the Northern Ireland Protocol[5]). This means there will be no tariffs or quotas on the movement of goods we produce between the UK and the EU. EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement: An analytical overview. Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Overview 2. Protecting food and drink names from 1 January 202", "Guidance. Please see our note Post-Brexit EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement – Key considerations for financial services for an analysis of the impact on financial service provision, in the absence of an Equivalence assessment by the European Commission. 2. Today, the two lead committees, responsible for recommending consent (or not) to the European Parliament on the new EU-UK trade and cooperation agreement, will assess each sector of the deal with the specialised committees providing opinions.. Watch the meeting live here (4 February, 13:45-15:45). Date: 05/03/2021. The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) is unique, as it focuses on limiting divergence rather than promoting convergence. It does not apply to Gibraltar, which was also part of the EU, but for which a separate negotiation is conducted between the UK, Spain and the EU. Guillaume Van Der Loo , Merijn Chamon. [25] The agreement applies to the Isle of Man, Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey (which gave their consent[26][27]) with regards to trade in goods and fishing. [14] However, negotiations continued[15] and formally ended on 24 December 2020 when an agreement was reached in principle after ten negotiating rounds. The United Kingdom and the European Union have agreed to unprecedented 100% tariff liberalisation. On 24 December 2020, the EU and UK negotiators agreed on a Trade and Cooperation Agreement. [53] 17% of respondents considered the TCA to be a good deal, 21% a bad one, 31% neither, and 31% were unsure. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) is generally light on tax content. Trade in goods with zero tariffs and zero quotas – under agreed rules of origin. If that panel finds that one party has breached its obligations, the other party may suspend (part of) its own obligations under the agreement. [44], Among pro-Brexit interest groups, the Eurosceptic conservative MPs of the European Research Group[45][46] and the Brexit Party leader Nigel Farage[47][48] endorsed the TCA, but the Bow Group wrote that it would not adaquately restore UK sovereignty. The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, including its aviation safety part, does not apply to the EFTA States (Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Liechtenstein). It has been applied provisionally[1][2] since 1 January 2021, when the Brexit transition period ended, and extended until 30 April 2021.[3]. The UK is free to negotiate "fifth freedom traffic rights" for cargo flights (e.g. Aviation Safety is covered by Part Two, Heading Two, Title II of the Agreement. [16], The internal procedures of the UK and EU/Euratom have to be followed for ratification after signature. [31] Professional qualifications are no longer automatically mutually recognized.[29]. The UK left the EU on 31 January 2020, following conclusion of the Withdrawal Agreement on 24 January 2020. This is the first European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) The Council has today adopted, by written procedure, the decision on the signing of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement and its provisional application as of 1 January 2021, pending the consent of the European Parliament and conclusion by the Council decision next year.
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